The Common European Framework of Reference for Languages: Learning, Teaching, Assessment, abbreviated to CEFR, is a guideline used to describe achievements of learners of foreign languages across Europe. Its main aim is to provide a method of assessing and teaching which applies to all languages in Europe. The three broad divisions (A - Basic Speaker; B - Independent Speaker, C - Proficient Speaker) can be divided into six levels, that describe, what a learner is supposed to be able to do in reading, listening, speaking and writing at each level.
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Linguistic-Communicative Abilities (CEFR)* |
Main Principles in Morphosyntactics and Semantics(EUROPASS) |
Course Basics (EUROPASS) |
Possible Exams |
| A1 |
Can understand and use familiar everyday expressions and very basic phrases aimed at the satisfaction of needs of a concrete type. Can introduce him/herself and others and can ask and answer questions about personal details such as where he/she lives, people he/she knows and things he/she has. Can interact in a simple way provided the other person talks slowly and clearly and is prepared to help. |
Everyday life communication (in a bar, in a restaurant, in museums, in hotels, on the street, in the shops, on means of transportation); descriptions of pictures, one’s own family, sporting and leisure time, activities, climatic conditions (Presente Indicativo – Present Indicative); to report past experiences, facts and events (Passato Prossimo – Perfect Tense). |
- Part-time
- Cooking
- Jewellery
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PreCILS
CELI - Impatto |
| A2 |
Can understand sentences and frequently used expressions related to areas of most immediate relevance (e.g. very basic personal and family information, shopping, local geography, employment). Can communicate in simple and routine tasks requiring a simple and direct exchange of information on familiar and routine matters. Can describe in simple terms aspects of his/her background, immediate environment and matters in areas of immediate need. |
Communication about everyday life subjects (school, jobs, holidays, one’s own country and other countries, shopping, tastes and preferences); descriptions in the past (Imperfetto – Imperfect Tense); instructions (Imperativo - Imperative): at the doctors’, in the street, at the post office and in a bank. |
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PreCILS 2
CELI 1 |
| B1 |
Can understand the main points of clear standard input on familiar matters regularly encountered in work, school, leisure, etc. Can deal with most situations likely to arise whilst travelling in an area where the language is spoken. Can produce simple connected text on topics which are familiar or of personal interest. Can describe experiences and events, dreams, hopes & ambitions and briefly give reasons and explanations for opinions and plans. |
To report facts and events related to personal experience (Passato Prossimo – Perfect Tense, Imperfetto – Imperfect Tense, Trapassato Prossimo – Pluperfect Tense); to make plans and programs (Futuro – Future Tense); to express wishes, doubts, possibilities and assumptions (Condizionale - Conditional). |
- History
- Art-History
- Literature & Cinema
- Language for Profession
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CILS 1
CELI 2
CIC I
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| B2 |
Can understand the main ideas of complex text on both concrete and abstract topics, including technical discussions in his/her field of specialisation. Can interact with a degree of fluency and spontaneity that makes regular interaction with native speakers quite possible without strain for either party. Can produce clear, detailed text on a wide range of subjects and explain a viewpoint on a topical issue giving the advantages and disadvantages of various options. |
To report and distinguish facts and events (Passato Remoto – Past Historica Tense, and Passato Prossimo – Perfect Tense), to use the narrative approach (Passato Remoto – Past Historic); to express expectations, assumptions and hypotheses (Futuro Semplice – Simple Future, Futuro Composto – Compound Future); to express opinions about current events, political and economic subjects (Congiuntivo - Subjunctive, Periodo Ipotetico – Hypothetical); to write informal and formal letters, E-mail, summaries, notes. |
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Internship
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Translation Workshop
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CILS 2
CELI 3
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| C1 |
Can understand a wide range of demanding, longer texts, and recognise implicit meaning. Can express him/herself fluently and spontaneously without much obvious searching for expressions. Can use language flexibly and effectively for social, academic and professional purposes. Can produce clear, well-structured, detailed text on complex subjects, showing controlled use of organisational patterns, connectors and cohesive devices. |
To analyse, sum up and comment on fiction excerpts and articles taken from newspapers and magazines. To go through and rework complex texts, by means of oral and written expression; to express one’s own ideas about politics, economy and current events (tense agreement); to express opinions, viewpoints, expectations, hopes; to make detailed reports about facts and events related to one’s own professional fields. |
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CILS 3
CELI 4
CIC A |
| C2 |
Can understand with ease virtually everything heard or read. Can summarise information from different spoken and written sources, reconstructing arguments and accounts in a coherent presentation. Can express him/herself spontaneously, very fluently and precisely, differentiating finer shades of meaning even in more complex situations. |
To analyse and rework in detail different kinds of texts, drawn from newspapers, fiction, poetry and plays; to get familiar with different language registers (formal, informal, slang and so on) in written and oral contexts; to prepare oral and written reports, by using technical terms related to specific fields. |
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CILS 4
CELI 5 |
* © Council of Europe, 2001 / © Common European Framework of Reference: Learning, Teaching, Assessment, Modern Language Division- Straßbourg, 2001, p. 23 f.
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